Flowers of my cactus collection. You will see Acanthocalycium to Weingartia.
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JOURNALS page..

The greenhouse (serre or sera in Turkish), is mainly for wintering of the collection.
The sunny time is not enough in it. It is due to the obligatory position of the greenhouse in the backyard. So, ...more

most of the plants stay outdoor from May to October.
This wall greenhouse is in backyard of my house and built in September 2005. Its frames are PVC and its panes are made by heat keeping double glasses. It has a locked door and a transom for ventilation. There are a thermostatically controlled fan heater and a remote sensor for max.-min.temperature and humidity in it. The latter sends radio waves to the weather station in the home.
Greenhouse is armed with ten Fluora sun-light fluorescent tubes (18W, by Osram). In dark winter days, they open 14 hours a day.
The serre is small (170x150x220 cm) but very handy, especially for wintering of the collection.
Nowadays, there are about 450 species, subspecies, variety and forma in it. I usually keep only one sample for a taxon. Cause, I have a very limited space.
I have a portable mini-serre for wintering of special cold hardy species, like Sclerocactus and Pediocactus.

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In this album, you will see many cactus species' seedlings growing and than grafted on Pereskiopsis spathulata.
Growing cacti from seeds isn’t very difficult. However, they need an extra attention t ...more

than their parents. The seedlings flower in two to four years generally. But for some species, for example Coryphantas and columnar ones, the flowering time gets so many years.
If you have a special propagator, use it. I have not, so I use a home made one.
Here is step by step my seed growing method:
1. The sowing medium is 2-3 mm in diameter washed sand and ready to use peat, 1:1 in proportions.
2. The sowing place is 5 cm plastic pot groups in a large clear plastic box with tightly closed lid. I separate these pots into two to four compartments because the sowing numbers are limited about 5-20 grains. I obtain more space also.
3. Water and spray the compost with a broad spectrum fungicid added ( eg. Captan) fresh water before sowing,
4. Sprinkle the seeds on the soil surface. You can slightly press the big seeds but not bury them, and attention that the hilum is downwards. Do not forget the species name labels.
5. Spray the seeds again with fungicide,
6. Close the lid firmly. This home made propagator must be hermetic to obtain consistently moist soil and high humidity in the environment.
7. Put the propagator in a warm room with bright lightening.
In this case, the room is my working room at home. You can use your greenhouse, if you can obtain these 'must be' conditions.
I use a special, sunlight emitting 2x2x18W fluorescent tubes, (Osram, Fluora). It is about 25 cm in distance to the soil surface and on for 14 hours daily.
The temperature must be around 20-25 C in the system. 20-22 C is ordinary room temperature in winter and sufficient for the seedlings at nights. The day temperature raises to 24-25 C due to greenhouse effect in the propagator, by lamps.
The temperature variation between night and day seems to be beneficial and to some extent simulates habitat conditions.
Note that below 20 C and over 25-30 C temperatures might be harmful to seedlings or seeds not germinate.
The relative humidity in the system must be over 80%. For the first two months we must ensure that the inner surfaces of the propagator is constantly covered by a film or vapour of water.
You can do airing shortly time to time. It may be useful to prevent fungus proliferation. But never allow the soil to dry. It must be wet always until the seedlings reach to considerable size, to 7-8 months old, maybe to a year or more for very slow growing species seedlings. If you notice a mould proliferation, you can spray the system with the fungicide.
When the seedlings are about 1-1.5 years old, you can transfer them to new pots, if you wish to.
Germination takes one to two weeks usually. But for some species it takes more time and even in the same batch, some seeds can germinate weeks later. Just wait !
There are some germinating methods for difficult species' seeds . For this, a procedure is 'Scarification' and helps water penetrate into the seed thus initiating the germination process, in different ways.
A way for large seeds with a hard coat is softened them by soaking in hot water or vinegar, check if the seed coat swells. Also you can scarified them with sandpaper or a file or chipped with a needle.
Another good way for germinating better the seeds by scarification is soaking the seeds in pure sulphuric acid for 10-12 minutes and immediately washed afterwards and then sow.
Treatment with Gibberellic acide (GA3) is another very useful method for persistently not germinating seeds. Soak for one or two days the seeds in 0.5 - 0.7 gm GA3 per liter aquous solution of GA3 ( I use the 1 gram tablet form). Then sow them. It may require more concentrated solution, eg. 1 gm GA3 per liter water. Also it may require for big seeds a mechanical scarification before or after GA3.
I am trying the latter two methods nowadays for the seeds of Eriosyce umadavae, Sclerocactus sensu stricto, Pediocactus, Neowerdermannia, Austrocactus, Opuntia, small Opuntioids likeTephrocactus, and Mahuenia species.
Another method is named 'Stratification'. For some cold hardy species from environments with cold winters may require exposure to cold or even freezing conditions to break dormancy (simulating natural passage through a winter). There are several methods that you can try. For example, to force germination, before or after sowing, enclosed in plastic bags having been moistened beforehand, place seeds or the container in the refrigerator for at least two months at a temperature 4 C. Another way is alternately placing the seeds in the refrigerator and ice compartment over several weeks to simulate freezing and melting cycles.
When seedlings reach a few milimeters, you can cover the soil surface with very fine grit or sand. This is useful for preventing algae and moss proliferation on the soil surface.
Well, keep growing !

BLOSSFELDIA, CINTIA, CUMARINIA, DENMOZA, ESPOSTOOPSIS, GEOHINTONIA, LEUCHTENBERGIA, MAMMILLOYDIA, MILA, OBREGONIA, ORTEGOCACTUS, STETSONIA, STROMBOCACTUS, YAVIA.
In this album, you will see some ...more

monotypic genera of the family Cactaceae.
Informations about genera and species are in the caption lines of the photos.

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ACHARAGMA, AUSTROCACTUS, AZTEKIUM, EPITHELANTHA, LOPHOPHORA, MAIHUENIA, NEOLLOYDIA, NEOWERDERMANNIA, OROYA, PELECYPHORA, POLASKIA, PYGMAEOCEREUS, UEBELMANNIA
In this album, you will see some small ...more

genera of the family Cactaceae.
Informations about genera and species are in the caption lines of the photos.

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AUSTROCYLINDROPUNTIA, CORYNOPUNTIA, CUMULOPUNTIA, CYLINDROPUNTIA, MAIHUENIOPSIS, OPUNTIA, PERESKIOPSIS, PTEROCACTUS, TACINGA, TEPHROCACTUS
You will see some genera and species of the subfamily ...more

Oputioideae in this album.
Informations about genera and species are in the caption lines of the photos.

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GENUS ACANTHOCALYCIUM
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Trichocereae
Acanthocalycium spiniflorum is the type species of the genus. Acanthocalycium distribution is in Argentina.
...more

Curt Beckeberg (1935) described nine species for the genus Acanthocalycium, most previously included in Echinopsis.
The name comes from the Greek, akantha, prickly and kalyx, thus referring the spiny buds.
The species of the genus Acanthocalycium has been included or excluded in & out to the genus Echinopsis several times. Nowadays, they heve been lumped to the Echinopsis totaly by International Cactaceae Systematics group, (The New Cactus Lexicon, 2006).
I display them separately in this album, cause the broadly based genus Echinopsis is apparently polyphletic.
Plants' stems are usually solitary, globose to somewhat elongate, very spiny, 10-15 cm in diameter with many ribs. Diurnal pink to white to red flowers are funnelform or bell shaped, to 4 cm long.
Here, my Acanthocalycium naming partly follow the older classifications and in part with the help of Anderson's monumental book, The Cactus Family, 2001.
As to this book, there are 3 species in the genus Acanthocalycium: A.ferrari/syn. A.variiflorum (Beckeberg), A.klimpelianum (Beckeberg), A.spiniflorum (Beckeberg).
In older classifications, there are 6 main species: A.catamarcense, A.glaucum, A.klimpelianum (Beckeberg), A.peitscherianum (Beckeberg), A.spiniflorum (Beckeberg), A.violaceum (Beckeberg), and varieties/forms of the previous ones: A.auranthiacum, A.brevispinum, A.chionanthum, A.griseum.
I cited their accepted names and synonymes as to The New Cactus Lexicon (2006), in the captions.

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GENUS ASTROPHYTUM
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Cacteae.
The name Astrophytum is derived from the Greek aster, star, and phyton, plant (Star Cactus). The type species is A.myriostigma.
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The species come from northern Mexico (Chihuahuan Desert), except A.asterias which has some extent to Texas,USA.
The genus Astrophytum contains only 6 species.
The plants are globular when young with a small number of ribs that are prominent and covered this white scales and flecks.
Their flowers are in summer, yellow, followed by a hairy fruit.
Although easy to grow, they are sensitive to root rot and should be watered with caution. They need mineral based alkaline, porous soil with limestone added, very draining and little organic matter.
Most species will take some frost.
Here I follow The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) for Astrophytum names.
SPECIES LIST
1 A.asterias 2 A.capricorne 3 A.caput-medusae 4 A.coahuilense 5 A.myriostigma 6 A.ornatum

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GENUS COCHEMIEA
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Cacteae
Cochemiea is a small genus of cactus from Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. Cochemiea sometimes classified as a subgenus of Mammillaria (The ...more

New Cactus Lexicon, 2006).
The genus has five species and all lack a milky sap. The species are C.halei (the type species of the genus), C.maritima, C.pondii, C.poselgeri, C.setispina.
The genus name is derived from a tribe of Native Americans, the Cochimi, who once occupied part of Baja California.
Plants often forming clusters with several elongated cylindrical stems, either ascending or prostrate. Central spine is hooked. The most distinguishing feature of Cochemiea is the long tubular flowers which arise from axils of tubercles, are diurnal, humming bird pollinated, with excerted stamen and style, bilaterally symmetrical and scarlet colour.
Sentences from E.F.Anderson’s monumental book The Cactus Family, 2001:
“ George Lindsay, one of the most knowledgeable people on cacti of Baja California, has long contended that Cochemiea is distinct from Mammillaria. All have agreed that its floral syndrome is distinct from that of most Mammillarias, and DNA sequence data show it to be clearly seperate (Butterworth) .... The most distinguishing feature of Cochemiea is the long tubular, bilaterally symmetrical, red flowers with exserted stamens and style... I treat it here as a seperate genus, disagreeing with the International Cactaceae Systematics Group“
In addition, Charles A. Butterworth and Robert S.Wallace’s paper named "Phylogenetic studies of Mammillaria (Cactaceae)—insights from chloroplast sequence variation and hypothesis testing using the parametric bootstrap" published in American Journal of Botany 91(7): 1086–1098. 2004, has very clearly showed that the present genus Mammillaria is polyphyletic. And, in the results, as a first step, Mammillaria subgenus Cochemiea is a seperate and “good” genus. Besides this result, the series Ancistracanthae, eg. M.thornberi, of Hunt’s and Luthy’s classifications of the genus Mammillaria is belong to the genus Cochemiea with over 95% probability.
Here, I agree these findings and follow Anderson, for naming of my Cochemiea species.

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GENUS COPIAPOA
Subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Notocacteae. The type sp. is C.marginata.
The species of the genus Copiapoa come from the Atacama Desert, on the coastline of northern Chile. The name ...more

Copiapoa comes from the city of Copiapo in N Chile.
These cacti have adapted to take their water need from the frequent fog that arises from the Pacific and moves toward the coastal hills. The habitat of Copiapoa is very harsh and the amount of rain in there is excessively low and perhaps years between the occasional rainfalls.
Copiapoa is a very characteristic genus and there is no argument about which plants are contained within it. It has no obvious close relatives in the Cactaceae, suggesting that it has passed through a long evolution period in its strictly isolated habitat niche.
Copiapoa grow in lightly sloping sand or gravel, sometimes in rock cracks. So, the potting medium must be mineral based and high grit content.
All Copiapoa sp. are tolerant of low winter temperature, 5 to 10 C being suitable if the plants are dry. They dislike excess heat and still air in summer.
The fruits of Copiapoa are specially structured for the seed dispersing by ants.
They grow slowly in cultivation, and their appearance change: the color is often different, the natural white coating of some species usually do not develop in European climates, the spination is often weaker, and even the shape becomes more elongated.
In the past, too many names were erected in the genus Copiapoa, as with many cactus genera. Nigel Taylor and Adriana Hoffman have excellent reviews for the genus and Graham Charles's book is the most comprehensive study.
In my collection, Copiapoa names are according to The New Cactus Lexicon (2006), edited by David Hunt & Graham Charles. Formerly, I used to follow G.Charles' book Copiapoa (1998).
SPECIES LIST
According to the New Cactus Lexicon (2006), there are 21 species and 9 subspecies in the genus Copiapoa
01. C. ahremephiana 02a. C. calderana ssp.calderana 02b. C. calderana ssp.atacamensis 03. C. cinerascens 04a. C. cinerea ssp.cinerea 04b. C. cinerea
ssp.columna-alba 04c. C. cinerea ssp.haseltoniana 05. C. coquimbana 06. C. dealbata 07. C. decorticans 08. C. echinoides 09. C. esmeraldana 10. C. fiedleriana 11. C. grandiflora 12a. C. humilis ssp.humilis 12b. C. humilis ssp.tenuissima 12c. C. humilis ssp.tocopillana 12d. C. humilis ssp.varispinata 13a. C. hypogaea ssp.hypogaea 13b. C. hypogaea ssp.laui 14. C. krainziana 15. C. longistaminea 16. C. marginata 17a. C. megarhiza ssp.megarhiza 17b. C. megarhiza ssp.echinata 18. C. montana 19. C. serpentisulcata 20. C. solaris 21a. C. taltalensis ssp.taltalensis 21b. C. taltalensis ssp.desertorum.... note. There is a newly proposed species: C.angustiflora, in BCSS Journal vol.24/4, 2006.

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GENUS CORYPHANTHA
subfamily Cactoideae tribe Cacteae
The name of the genus is derived from the Greek "koryphe" for summit and "anthos" for flower and means flowering on the top.
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The genus Coryphantha is divided into two subgenera: the gland-bearing subgenus Neocoryphantha and the non-gland-bearing subgenus Coryphantha, which both are separated into sections and series/subseries. C.sulcata is the lectotype of the genus Coryphantha and also the type of subgenus Coryphantha. Subgenus Neocoryphantha is characterized by the presence of extrafloral nectary glands, usually in the tubercle-grooves or in the axils. These glands are dot-like red, orange or yellow formations with white wool in their perifery.They secrete a viscous sap with a high sugar-content. This sap serves for attraction of the ants which play an important role in distributing the seeds of these Coryphanthas.
Contrary to the subgenus Neocoryphantha's permanent extrafloral nectary glands, the subgenus Coryphantha's sp. don't have permanent nectary glands on the groove or axil, except of optional temporary glands close to the spiniferous part of the areole in the flowering period.
The genus has very specific characteristics and their presence allows the distinction from closely-related other genera like Escobaria.
All of the Coryphanthas are tubercled cacti and produce flowers near apex from full-length narrow areolar grooves of young tubercules when they reach the maturity phase, after a gradual sterile transition period of 8-10 years. Tubercules are arranged in spirals.
Tubercule grooves appear only when the plants reach maturity. In the old part of the plant, you can not see the grooves, cause these tubercules are immature indeed.
Many species change their appearance depending on their age. In nature these slow-growers are very much formed by their microhabitats and therefore are very variable. These are the main reasons why until today more than 360 different species were described. After extensive field-studies the genus Coryphantha has 43 species and 11 subspecies as to R.F.Dicht & A.D.Luthy, Coryphantha – Cacti of Mexico and Southern USA, 2005.
In the New Cactus Lexicon (2006) by ICSG, the species list of Coryphantha almost same with Dicht and Lüthy's names except C.recurvata ssp.canatlanensis which is not a good subspecies. But the intrageneric classification of the genus by ICSG is somewhat different.
Coryphanthas are easy to grow, with the exception of some species and many grow in humous soil, too. Species with taproots need very deep pots.
Here, I follow Dicht and Luthy's classification for labelling of my Coryphantha species.
SPECIES LIST
01- C.clavata ssp. clavata 01a- C.clavata ssp. stipitata 02- C.compacta 03- C.cornifera 04- C.delaetiana 05- C.delicata 06-C.difficilis 07- C.durangensis ssp. durangensis 07a- C.durangensis ssp. cuencamensis 08- C.echinoidea 09- C.echinus 10- C.elephantidens ssp. elephantidens 10a- C.elephantidens ssp. bumamma 10b- C.elephantidens ssp. greenwoodii 11- C.erecta 12- C.georgii 13- C.glanduligera 14- C.glassii 15- C.gracilis 16- C.hintoniorum ssp. hintoniorum 16a- C.hintoniorum ssp. geoffreyi 17- C.jalpanensis 18- C.kracikii 19- C.longicornis 20- C.macromeris ssp. macromeris 20a- C.macromeris ssp. runyonii 21- C.maiz-tablasensis 22- C.neglecta 23- C.nickelsiae 24- C.octacantha 25- C.ottonis 26- C.pallida ssp. pallida 26a- C.pallida ssp. calipensis 27- C.poselgeriana 28- C.potosiana 29- C.pseudoechinus ssp. pseudoechinus 29a- C.pseudoechinus ssp. laui 30- C.pseudonickelsiae 31- C.pulleineana 32- C.pycnacantha 33- C.ramillosa ssp. ramillosa 33a- C.ramillosa ssp. santarosa 34- C.recurvata ssp. recurvata 34a- C.recurvata ssp. canatlanensis 35- C.retusa 36- C.robustispina ssp. robustispina 36a- C.robustispina ssp. scheeri 37- C.salinensis 38- C.sulcata 39- C.tripugionacantha 40- C.vaupeliana 41- C.vogtherriana 42- C.werdermannii 43- C.wohlschlageri
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GENUS ERIOSYCE
Subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Notocacteae
Eriosyce used to be a very little genus. It now includes Chileorebutia, Delaetia, Horridocactus, Islaya, Neochilenia, Neoporteria, ...more

Pyrrhocactus, Reicheocactus, Rodentiophila, and Thelocephala.
The name Pyrrhocactus was erected by A.Berger in 1929 and included plants from Chile and Argentina. Donald and Rowley united everything in 1966 under the single genus Neoporteria except small genus Eriosyce. In 1994, Fred Kattermann took the extra step by unitting everything under the older single genus Eriosyce, (Searching for Pyrrhocacti, R.Ferryman, Cactus World, vol.27 No.3, p.141). This new classification has been widely accepted.
The genus contains many attractive cacti of the dry deserts. Many of the species are widely ranging and somewhat variable in spination and other minor characteristics.
All the species come from mainly Chile and Argentina, and some extent in Peru, 0 to 3000m, eastern and western slopes of the Andes.
R.Philippi described the genus Eriosyce in 1872. The name comes from the Greek erion, wool, syce, fig referring to the distinctive woolly fruits. The type species is Eriosyce aurata.
These cacti have long been enigmatic and the subject of unbelievable number of descriptions. Eriosyce is revised by Fred Kattermann in his excellent monograph (Eriosyce, 1994). The group is finally understood by Katterman's extensive field work and Robert Wallace's phylogenetic analysis. Especially, the latter research is cause of the sinking of several genera into synonymy. And field works by E.F.Anderson, (The Cactus Family, 2001), are also supported this lumping. The current circumscription of Eriosyce in The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) by ICSG, derives from the Katterman's revision.
The genus comprises 32 species and 19 subspecies according to NCL. These are in six subgroups corresponding to various synonymous genera:
1. Eriosyce with two sp. E. aurata E. rodentiophila
2. Pyrrhocactus with five sp. E. bulbocalyx E. megliolii E. strausiana E. umadeave E. villicumensis
3. Neoporteria with five sp. E.chilensis E. senilis E. sociabilis E. subgibbosa E.villosa
4. Horridocactus with 14 sp. E. aspillagae E. calderana E. confinis E. crispa E. curvispina E. engleri E. eriosyzoides E. heinrichiana E. garaventae E.occulta E. paucicostata E. recondita E. simulans E. taltalensis
5. Thelocephala with three sp. E. esmeraldana E. napina E. odieri
6. Islaya with three sp. E. iquiquensis E. islayensis E. laui
Eriosyce has globular or shortly columnar stems, usually solitary, very variable in size ( 1-100 cm high, 2-50 cm in diameter). Flowers borne near apex, tubuler or funnelform, yellow to deep carmine colour.
Majority of the species have a tap root, and most are rot prone, and particularly the dwarf species.
The potting soil used should have an excellent drainage and very little humus. They generally take some frost for a short period of time. Direct afternoon sun maybe harmful.
Here, I treated the genus as to NCL.

SPECIES LIST with Subspecies
01. E. aspillagae 02. E. aurata 03. E. bulbocalyx 04. E. calderana 05. E. chilensis 06. E. confinis 07a. E. crispa ssp.crispa 07b. E. crispa ssp.totoralensis 08a. E. curvispina ssp.curvispina 08b. E. curvispina ssp.armata 08c. E. curvispina ssp.marksiana 09. E. engleri 10a. E. eriosyzoides ssp.eriosyzoides 10b. E. eriosyzoides ssp.atroviridis 11. E. esmeraldana 12. E. garaventae 13. E. heinrichiana 14. E. iquiquensis 15a. E. islayensis ssp.islayensis 15b. E. islayensis ssp.grandis 15c. E. islayensis ssp.omasensis 16. E. laui 17. E. megliolii 18a. E. napina ssp.napina 18b. E. napina ssp.aerocarpa 18c. E. napina ssp.glabrescens 18d. E. napina ssp.lembckei 18e. E. napina ssp.tenebrica 19. E. occulta 20a. E. odieri ssp.odieri 20b. E. odieri ssp.krausii 21a. E. paucicostata ssp.paucicostata 21b. E. paucicostata ssp.echinus 21c. E. paucicostata ssp.floccosa 22. E. recondita 23. E. rodentiophila 24a. E. senilis ssp.senilis 24b. E. senilis ssp.coimasensis 25. E. simulans 26. E. sociabilis 27a. E. strausiana ssp.strausiana 27b. E. strausiana ssp.pachacoensis 28a. E. subgibbosa ssp.subgibbosa 28b. E. subgibbosa ssp.clavata 28c. E. subgibbosa ssp.vallenarensis 28d. E. subgibbosa ssp.wagenknechtii 29a. E. taltalensis ssp.taltalensis 29b. E. taltalensis ssp.pygmaea 30. E. umadeave 31. E. villicumensis 32. E. villosa

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GENUS ESCOBARIA
subfamilia Cactoideae tribus Cacteae
Escobaria is a small North American genus from southwestern USA down to northern Mexico.
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It is closely related to Coryphantha and somewhat more distantly to Mammillaria. But, Escobaria is considered to be less highly evolved.
Escobaria was defined by Britton & Rose in their major work The Cactaceae (1923); they named the genus in honour of Romulo Escobar who was the founder and director of the School of Agriculture of City Juárez, Chihuahua.
The genus comprises 16 species and 4 subspecies. The type species of the genus is Escobaria tuberculosa.
The species of the genus are divisible into 3 sections: 1. Escobaria, 2. Neobesseya, 3. Pleurantha.
Escobaria is a genus of low-growing cacti and has long, slender tubercles which are grooved on the upper surface. The stems of Escobaria range from globose to cylindrical, and lack nectary secreting glands and tending to become corky and deciduous as they age. Details of the stigma-lobes, fruits and seeds are essential for accurate differantiation.
Flowers arise in the grooves of the young tubercles close to crown sides of the plant. Offsets also arise from grooves. Escobaria have small, funnel-shaped flowers in the spring and summer. The flowers may have a variety of colors, usually yellow, pink or brownish, while the fruits are almost always red. The seeds in this genus are notable for being deeply pitted.
In general Escobaria are very rot prone. They should be underpotted, be in a container with excellent drainage, and be watered carefully. All of them can take some frost and some of them are winter hardy.
In my collection, Escobaria names are according to The New Cactus Lexicon (2006).
SPECIES LIST
1. E. alversonii 2a. E. chihuahuensis ssp. chihuahuensis 2b. E. chihuahuensis ssp.henricksonii 3. E. cubensis 4a. E. dasyacantha ssp.dasyacantha 4b. E. dasyacantha ssp.chaffeyi 5. E. duncanii 6. E. emskoetteriana 7. E. hesteri 8. E. laredoi 9. E. lloydii 10. E. minima 11a. E. missouriensis ssp.missouriensis 11b. E. missouriensis ssp.asperispina 12. E. robbinsorum 13a. E. sneedii ssp. sneedii 13b. E. sneedii ssp.orcuttii 14. E. tuberculosa 15. E. vivipara 16. E. zilziana
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GENUS FRAILEA
subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Notocacteae.
The type species is Frailea cataphracta. Frailea is a medium sized genus from South America. They are widely distributed in NE Argentina, E ...more

Bolivia, Colombia, S Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The genus name comes from Manuel Fraile who later on was in charge of the Cactus Collection of the USA Department of Agriculture at the end of the 19th century. There is no modern study for the genus but the International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG) recognized 12 species and 6 heterotypic subspecies, in The New Cactus Lexicon (2006).
Indeed, up to 300 species, variety and forma names are circulating in the cultivation.
Frailea is poorly known in the habitat. These small, solitary globose cacti have distinctive seed structures.
In cultivation, they display some unnatural features which aren't seen in the habitat,
eg. the bigger stems and freely offseting and clumping.
Briefly opening diurnal and funnelform yellow flowers are usually cleistogamous. In hot summer afternoons, you can see the fully opened flowers sometimes. Use very well drained compost and re-pot by several years intervals , cause the taproots of the Frailea are very rot-prone and sensitive to disturbing.
The minimum average temperature is 7 C for many Frailea and bright shade is better.
Here, I follow The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) for the naming of my Frailea species.
SPECIES LIST
1 F.buenekeri ssp.buenekeri 1a F.buenekeri ssp.densispina 2 F.castanea 3 F.cataphracta 4 F.chiquitana 5 F.curvispina 6 F.fulviseta 7 F.gracillima ssp.gracillima 7a F.gracillima ssp.horstii 8 F.mammifera ssp.mammifera 8a F.mammifera ssp.angelesiae 9 F.phaeodisca 10 F.pumila 11 F.pygmaea ssp.pygmaea 11a F.pygmaeassp.albicolumnaris 11b F.pygmaea ssp.tuyensis 12 F.schilinzkyana ssp.schilinzkyana 12a F.schilinzkyana ssp.concepcionensis

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GENUS GYMNOCALYCIUM
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Trichocereae
Type species is Gymnocalycium gibbosum
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The genus name is from Greek means naked calyx and refers to the flower buds bearing no hair or spines.
Distribution is in east of the Andes of southern South America, mostly in Argentina, and some grow Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil.
Most species are rather small varying from 4 to 15 centimetres in size, depressed to globose stems with ribs. Flowers with naked callyxes borne from near apex, mostly white, occasionally light pink to red and yellow.
Use open soil rich for organic matter, feed with a high potassium fertilizer in summer. They are sensitive to root mealy bugs. They need full sun or light shade in hot climates. Some of them are frost tolerant.
One of the most popular South American cacti is Gymnocalycium, easily grown and producing very nice flowers. However, this has resulted over hundred of species descriptions which most of them can not be accepted. Indeed, the genus is one of the most clearly defined in the family Cactaceae.
As to The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) by International Cactaceae Systematics Group, there are 49 species and 14 subspecies in the genus Gymnocalycium. Recently Graham Charles published a magnificient book about the genus named Gymnocalycium in Habitat and Culture (2009). This very detailed reference book is mainly based on NCL classification and recognized 56 sp. and 17 ssp. in the genus. In this two books, it is accepted that the genus has 5 groups (or subgenera) according to their seed morphology :
1- Macrosemineum, 2- Gymnocalycium, 3- Microsemineum, 4- Trichosemineum, 5-Muscosemineum.
Here, I treated the Gymnocalycium names according to NCL with the aid of G.Charles' book.

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Genus Mammillaria
Subfamilia Cactoideae , Tribus Cacteae
Mammillaria is the largest and the most studied genus of the family Cactaceae. And, the genus is the most popular among the hobbyists, so ...more

hundreds of species are described. Also, there were many classification shemes for the genus Mammillaria, eg. Hunt's, Reppenhagen's, Lüthy's classifications. As a result of the long time work of many scientists and serious collectors, there is a new and good classification in The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) by International Cactaceae Systematics Group. As to NCL, there are 163 species and 69 subspecies in the genus.
Most species of the genus are native to Mexico, and their distribution extends from southwestern USA, Caribbean, to Central America, or even a couple in northern South America. In their range you can find Mammillarias from sea level to high elevations.
The name comes from Latin, mamilla, nipple or teat referring to the tubercles. The type species is Mammillaria mammillaris (Cactus mammillaris). The genus Mammillaria is the type genus of the family Cactaceae.
More than a dosen genera have been described to seperate various groups of Mammillaria but until this time, DNA researches show that only two, Cochemiea and Mamilloydia are distinct genera (E.F.Anderson, The Cactus Family, 2001). In NCL, Cochemiea is not accepted as a seperate genus. I use NCL classification for labelling my collection of Mammillaria species, except Cochemiea. As Anderson, I believe that Cochemiea is a good genus.
Many publications exist for the genus, among them John Pilbeam's book Mammillaria (1999) is so worthy for me.
They vary in size from miniature 2.5 cm in diameter, to columnar types 40 cm tall. Stems are depressed globose to cylindrical, some clumping, distinctly tuberculate, areoles are dimorphic as spine bearing and axillary flower production parts but there is no grooves. Some species have white latex sap. The flowers arose not apically but from the older axils. Some species, the flowers form a ring on axils of previous growing season.
Their growing requirements are quite varied also. Many species are easy and fast to grow and to get to bloom while young, this is why they are very popular. Some are quite hardy while others will rot easily if kept too cold.
All of them require excellent drainage. This is more easily accomplished by using a good cactus soil mixture, and using a shallow pot.
In general the Mammillarias bloom easily, but many species need a rest period in winter during which they are kept cool in order to bloom.
The NCL classification for subgenera and series of the genus Mammillaria:
1. subgenus Oehmea
2. subgenus Dolichotehele
3. subgenus Phellosperma
4. subgenus Chilita (Ancistracanthae)
5. subgenus Krainzia, series 1. Longiflorae, 2.Herrerae+Pectiniferae
6. subgenus Cochemia
7. subgenus Mamillopsis
8. subgenus Mammillaria, series 1. Lasiacanthae (Bombycinae), 2. Stylothelae, 3. Proliferae, 4. Sphacelatae, 5. Decipientes, 6. Leptocladodae, 7. Heterochlorae, 8. Rhodanthae, 9. Polyacanthae, 10. Supertextae, 11. Leucocephalae, 12. Mammillaria, 13. Polyedrae.

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GENUS MATUCANA
Subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Trichocereae.
Matucana is a genus of Peruvian cacti related to Oreocereus, Oroya, Borzicactus (in Cleistocactus), and possibly Denmoza.
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The genera Submatucana and Eomatucana is in the genus Matucana, nowadays.
The type species of the genus is Matucana haynei. The genus is named after Matucana, a city in Peru close to Lima. According to the New Cactus Lexicon, 2006, (NCL), the genus includes 14 species and 7 subspecies. They are endemic to Peru.
They are generally spherical, although they tend to grow more columnar as they age and bearing bilaterally symmetrical flowers (E.F.Anderson, The Cactus Family, 2001).
Matucanas have attractive mostly red coloured long-necked flowers, also there are white, bright yellow, orange flowers depending on the species. They come in spring or summer, in several flushes.
They should be kept warm in winter, minimum average temperature 12 C, preferably keeping above 8 C and no frost, since they have a tendency to lose their roots if they are kept wet and cold. In summer, they do better with morning sun, although in very hot climates bright shade is generally best.
Here, in my collection, the Matucana names follow the NCL.
SPECIES LIST
1 M.aurantiaca ssp.aurantiaca 1a M.aurantiaca ssp.currundayensis 1b M.aurantiaca ssp.fruticosa 1c M.aurantiaca ssp.hastifera 1d M.aurantiaca ssp.polzii 2 M.aureiflora 3 M.formosa 4 M.haynei ssp.haynei 4a M.haynei ssp.herzogiana 4b M.haynei ssp.hystrix 4c M.haynei ssp.myriacantha 5 M.huagalensis 6 M.intertexta 7 M.krahnii 8 M.madisoniorum 9 M.oreodoxa 10 M.paucicostata 11 M.pujupatii 12 M.ritteri 13 M.tuberculata 14 M.weberbaueri

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GENUS NOTOCACTUS
Subfamilia Cactoideae, Tribus Notocacteae
Type species is Notocactus ottonis.
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The stems are depressed to elongated spherical, later sometimes thick columnar The flowers are very conspicuous, mostly yellow, rarely orange, red, violet - to wine-red, silky gleaming flowers emerge from near the apex often in large numbers.
The distribution of the genus is from central Argentina to Uruguay to South Brazil (states of Rio Grande do Sul, St. Catarina, Parana) and Paraguay, generally at low altitudes in the Pampas.
All Notocactus species must have water throughout the whole year, otherwise their roots will dry and die. What we have to do is give small amounts of water over the winter.
Notocactus is popular among hobbyists and hundreds of species names produced in the time.
Authors like N.Taylor, U.Eggli and Nyfeller believe that Notocactus and its subgenera Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia, Eriocactus, and Wigginsia have to be in the genus Parodia in broad sense. So, International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG) lumped these genera into the Parodia, (The New Cactus Lexicon,2006). But, instead of some positive findings, many authors opposed this heavy lumping particularly for the genus Notocactus. There is serious suspicion that the genus Parodia of ICSG could be polyphletic.
I believe that untill the progression of DNA sequencing data, the genus Notocactus with its subgenera must be regarded as a good genus.
These subgenera (called groups in NCL) are (1) Eriocactus with 5 sp. and 1 ssp., (2) Wigginsia (formerly Malacocarpus) with 5 sp., (3) Notocactus and its subgroup Braziliparodia with 24 sp. and 5 ssp., (4) Brasilicactus with 1 sp. and 1 ssp. So, in sensu stricto, there are 35 species and 7 subspecies in the merged genus Notocactus as to ICSG.
I treated my Notocacti according to these 4 groups, that is to say I follow the old Notocactus genus.
I cited accepted Parodia names in the caption lines of the Notocactus photos.

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GENUS PARODIA
Subfamilia Cactoideae, Tribus Notocacteae
Type species is Parodia microsperma. The name honors Dr.Domingo Parodi, an early student of the flora of Paraguay.
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Parodia are small, mostly globose cacti occuring widely throughout eastern South America, mostly east of the high Andes.
Flowers are borne subapically and brightly coloured.
Parodia is popular among hobbyists and hundreds of species names produced in the time.
Authors like N.Taylor, U.Eggli and Nyfeller believe that Brasilicactus, Brasiliparodia, Eriocactus, Notocactus and Wigginsia have to be in the genus Parodia in broad sense. So, International Cactaceae Systematics Group lumped these genera into the Parodia, (The New Cactus Lexicon,2006). But, instead of some positive findings, many authors opposed this heavy lumping particularly for the genus Notocactus. There is serious suspicion that the genus Parodia of ICSG could be polyphletic.
I believe that untill the progression of DNA sequencing data, the genus Notocactus must be regarded as a good genus.
The core genus Parodia species are from high mountain line. These are found at altitudes ranging from 500 m to 4200 m. The plants grow mostly in the eastern mountains and foot hills of the Cordilleras of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. And the needs of those are different from Notocacti. Notocactus are from Pampas line, means in low altitudes. In NCL, the broad sense genus Parodia has 5 groups : Eriocactus, Wigginsia, Notocactus, Brasilicactus and Parodia. The latter is "Parodia sensu stricto", means it includes the species before the merging and includes 23 species and 1 subspecies.
I treated my Parodias only according to this group, that is to say I follow the old Parodia genus.

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GENUS PEDIOCACTUS
Subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Cacteae
Pediocactus is a small genus with 7 species and 3 subspecies.
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The type species is P.simpsonii.
The genera Utahia, Navajoa, Pilocanthus and Puebloa were included into the genus Pediocactus.
The genus name is derived from Greek, pedion, means plains, refering to the Great Plains.
In the tribe, the genus placed near Sclerocactus and Echinocactus but as to J.M.Porter, Sclerocactus is not closely related to the genus Pediocactus.
All of the the species is seriously threatened by illegall collecting, surface disturbance from off-road vehicle use, humans trampling and cattle grazing.
In cultivation they are very rot prone. For this reason, it is usual to cultivate the Pediocactus spp. as grafted plants. On their own roots, use highly porous soil with little organic material.
When they start growing regular water in late winter, early spring, and also in the fall, very little water the rest of the time.
Many Pediocactus sp. are winter hardy to -15 C.
Some species' flower buds can stay dormant on the plant apex all the winter.
Here, I treated the genus as to The New Cactus Lexicon, 2006.
SPECIES LIST
1 P.bradyi ssp.bradyi 1a P.bradyissp.despainii 1b P.bradyissp.winkleri 2 P.knowltonii 3 P.nigrispinus 4 P.paradinei 5 P.peeblesianus ssp.peeblesianus 5a P.peeblesianus ssp.fickeiseniorum 6 P.sileri 7 P.simpsonii

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GENUS REBUTIA
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Trichocereae
Type species is Rebutia minuscula. Name is honored M.P.Rebut a cactus dealer of France.
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Distribution of the Rebutia is eastern high Andes and adjacent hills of Bolivia to NE Argentina, 2.500-4.000m.
Rebutia tends to be small low growing, solitary or in clusters, globose to short cylindrical stems with tubercles. Flowers small but very colourful with deep orange to yellow, borne at areoles to the side or near the base.
They need low temperatures in winter for heavy pruducing of flowers, eg.2 to 8 C. They like bright light but not direct sun rays in hot climates and need very well ventilation. They are rot prone, especially having tap root ones. Underpotting is very useful.
One of the most popular South American cacti is Rebutia, easily grown and producing very nice flowers. However, this has resulted hundreds of species descriptions which most of them can not be accepted.
And some additional genera was described in the time but nowadays, International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG) don't accept any of them as a good genus. These are mainly Weingartia, Sulcorebutia, Mediolobivia, and Aylostera. In The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) by ICSG these four were regarded quasi-generic groups of the genus Rebutia. The broad sense genus Rebutia of ICSG may be diphyletic or polyphletic and needs more data, especially in detailed DNA sequencing works.
Gordon Rowley proposed new name combinations recently (CactusWorld, vol.37, no2., 2009). He says that, on the basis of the first DNA sequencing work of the genus Rebutia , (Ritz et al. 2007), Aylostera is a good genus and Mediolobivia is a subgenus of it. And, Weingartia is a subgenus of Rebutia.
I believe that Sulcorebutia and Weingartia are clearly distinct from the core genus Rebutia and must be regarded as good genera untill the proving the genus Rebutia of ICSG is monophyletic.
Here, I treated my Rebutia species names according to J.Pilbeam's admirable book Rebutia (1997) and partially with the aid of NCL's genus Rebutia sensu stricto with the groups (or subgenera) Aylostera and Mediolobivia together. In Pilbeam's book, there are 71 species of Rebutia with subgenera Aylostera and Mediolobivia. In NCL, after heavily lumping, there are 14 sp. and 5 ssp. in these 3 groups.
I cited accepted names as to NCL in the caption lines of species photos.

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GENUS SCLEROCACTUS
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Cacteae
The type is Sclerocactus polyancistrus.
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The genus name derives from the Greek scleros meaning hard, (referring to the hard seed tegument or to the formidable hooked spines), so the name means "hard cactus".
The genus Sclerocactus contains 19 species 5 subspecies according to The New Cactus Lexicon (2006) by International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG).
According to ICSG, the genera Toumeya, Ancistrocactus, Glandulicactus, Coloradoa and Echinomastus are lumped into the genus Sclerocactus.
Despite the extensive field researches, there is a debate about defining the correct boundaries of the genus still.
As to E.F.Anderson (The Cactus Family, 2001), Echinomastus is a seperate genus because of the results of the DNA sequencing analysis by J.M. Porter (1999), morphological structures and Anderson's own field studies. But some new molecular evidence broadly supports the circumscription of the genus Sclerocactus thus the lumping Echinomastus and other genera in this genus.
As to NCL, there are 3 subgroups of the genus:
group 1 Ancistrocactus (including Glandulicactus)
S.brevihamatus, S.scheeri, S.uncinatus
group 2 Echinomastus
S. erectocentrus, S. intertextus, S.mariposensis, S. unguispinus, S.warnockii
group 3 Sclerocactus
S.glaucus , S.johnsonii , S.mesae-verdae, S.nyensis, S.papyracanthus, S.parviflorus, S.polyancistrus, S.spinosior, S.pubispinus, S.whipplei, S. wrightiae.
For curious readers, some well known varieties before lumping:
S.erectocentrus: Echinomastus acunensis.
S.intertextus: E.dasyachantus
S.unguispinus: E.durangensis,E.mapimiensis, E. laui.
Many species of the Sclerocactus have restricted distributions and have been badly affected by illegal collecting.
Most of the Sclerocactus have tuberculated, weekly ribbed stems, grooves on the upper side of the tubercles and extrafloral nectary glands on the extended areol beyond the spine bearing portion (gland-spines). Flowers arise from the apex, diurnal and in spring-summer. This impressive group of small cacti from SW USA and N Mexico is very difficult to propogate.
The caring of Sclerocactus species in cultivation is quite difficult on its own roots and also to propagate from seeds. The mature plants and seedlings rot very easily and the germination rate of the seeds is very low. So, they are usually grafted on a frost hardy stock. Here , I treated the genus as to The New Cactus Lexicon (2006).
SPECIES and SUBSPECIES LIST
1 S.brevihamatus ssp.brevihamatus 1a S. brevihamatus ssp.tobuschii 2 S. erectocentrus 3 S. glaucus 4 S.intertextus 5 S.johnsonii 6 S. mariposensis 7 S. mesae-verdae 8 S. nyensis 9 S. papyracanthus 10 S. parviflorus 11 S. polyancistrus 12 S. pubispinus 13 S. scheeri 14 S. spinosior ssp.spinosior 14a S. spinosior ssp.blainei 15 S. uncinatus ssp.uncinatus 15a S. uncinatus ssp.crassihamatus 15b S. uncinatus ssp.wrightii 16 S.unguispinus 17 S. warnockii 18 S. whipplei ssp.whipplei 18a S. whipplei ssp.heilii 19 S. wrightiae

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GENUS STENOCACTUS
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Cacteae
synonym : Echinofossulocactus sensu Britton & Rose.
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The genus Stenocactus includes 8 species, the status of one is uncertain.
This small Mexican genus is so poorly understood, even its name is in controversy. Most Stenocactus sp. are very variable and many of the numerous names are inadequately characterized. They can not be positively idantified and should be discarded, (The New Cactus Lexicon, 2006).
The type species is Stenocactus coptonogonus. Stenocactus name is derived Greek stenos, means narrow, referring to the many narrow ribs. Its close relative is Ferocactus. The distribution of the genus is primarily the Chihuahuan Desert of northern and central Mexico.
The species are mostly globular and extremely variable in their vegetative characters, and so many species names have been proposed in the time.
Stenocactus is popular within the hobbyists and relatively easy in cultivation. They have very individual, sinuous ribs, often numbering 40 or 50. Short, funnel shaped, diurnal flowers come late summer. The species show very slow rate of growth and need for an open, well-drained, gritty soil-mixture.
I follow The New Cactus Lexicon (2006), for the species names of the genus Stenocactus.
SPECIES LIST
1 S.coptonogonus 2 S.crispatus 3 S.multicostatus 4 S.obvallatus 5 S.ochoterenanus 6 S.phyllacanthus 7 S.sulphureus * 8 S.vaupelianus
(*) provisionaly accepted.

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GENUS SULCOREBUTIA
Subfamilia Cactoideae, tribus Trichocereae
Type species is Sulcorebutia steinbachii.
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The distribution is in a relatively small area of Bolivia east of the high Andes, 2.000-4.000 m.
The name derives from Latin sulcus, a groove, and refers to the way the clusters of spines usually seem to come out of a little felted groove at the top of the tubercles, and rebutia, name for French nurseryman and wine-grower, Rebut. The first known species were placed in the old genus Rebutia but were later removed to a seperate genus of their own, Sulcorebutia.
Sulcorebutia tends to be small low growing, solitary or in clusters, globose to short cylindrical stems with tubercles. Flowers small but very colourful with deep orange-red to yellow, borne at areoles to the side or near the base.
They need low temperatures in winter for heavy pruducing of flowers, eg.2 to 8 C. They like bright light but not direct sun rays in hot climates and need very well ventilation. They are rot prone, especially having tap root ones. Underpotting is very useful.
One of the most popular South American cacti is Sulcorebutia, easily grown and producing very nice flowers. However, this has resulted hundreds of species descriptions which most of them can not be accepted. International Cactaceae Systematics Group (ICSG) submerged the genus Sulcorebutia into the genus Rebutia , (The New Cactus Lexicon, 2006). But this is a broad sense lumping and needs much more data, especially in genetics, for the confirmation of the genus Rebutia of ICSG is monophyletic.
I believe that Sulcorebutia is clearly distinct from the core genus Rebutia and must be regarded as a good genus.
Here, I treated my Sulcorebutia species names according to J.Pilbeam's book A Sulco Gallery (2004), and partially with the aid of the genus Rebutia of NCL.
As to Pilbeam's book, there are 42 sp. and 26 ssp./var. in the genus. In NCL, after heavily lumping, there are 12 sp. and 2 ssp. in the Sulcorebutia.
I cited accepted names as to NCL in the caption lines of species photos.

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GENUS THELOCACTUS
Subfamily Cactoideae, tribe Cacteae.
The genus Thelocactus contains 12 species and 8 subspecies of mostly Mexican cacti relative to Ferocactus. The distribution of the genus is ...more

usually on limestone soils of the Chihuahuan desert. The main difference with Ferocactus is the presence of tubercles instead of distinct ribs, generally.
Type species is T.hexaedrophorus. Thelocactus is derived from Greek thele = nipple, thus nipple cactus.
Thelocactus are generally solitary, but some taxons will cluster and globose to cylindirical in shape, usually with distinct tubercles. The round or elongate areoles sometimes have partially developed grooves and extrafloral nectary glands. Central spines mostly erect and straight (contrary to Ferocacti), ecxept T.setispinus which has hooked central. Thelocactus have generally funnel shape large flowers with scaly pericarpels appearing at the tips of the tubercles (not from grooves), intermittently during the summer.
E.F.Anderson (1987), M.Ralston (1987) and John Pilbeam (1996) have definitive studies for the genus.
Here, Thelocactus names are according to The New Cactus Lexicon, 2006.
SPECIES LIST
1 T.bicolor ssp.bicolor 1a T.bicolor ssp.bolaensis 1b T.bicolor ssp.flavidispinus 1c T.bicolor ssp.heterochromus 1d T.bicolor ssp.schwarzii 2 T.buekii 3 T.conothelos ssp.conothelos 3a T.conothelos ssp.argenteus 3b T.conothelos ssp.aurantiacus 3c T.conothelos ssp.garciae 4 T.hastifer 5 T.hexaedrophorus ssp.hexaedrophorus 5a T.hexaedrophorus ssp.lloydii 6 T. lausseri 7 T. leucacanthus 8 T. macdowellii 9 T.multicephalus 10 T. rinconensis 11 T. setispinus 12 T. tulensis

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GENUS TURBINICARPUS
subfamilia Cactoideae tribus Cacteae
The minute cacti of the genus Turbinicarpus is one of the most popular among hobbyists. They take little place in the greenhouse and flower ...more

easily in early age. Because of this, and very limited distribution of most species, their populations suffered severe damage by illegal collecting in Mexico. Some species restricted to one or few hills like islands. J.Pilbeam believes because of the uncolourful, easily breaking nature of their fruit, do not spread their seed widely, hence lending themselves to an insular existence, and to wider variability (Ariocarpus etc.,2006). So, the entire genus has listed in CITES app.1.
The distribution of the genus Turbinicarpus is on limestone or gypsum rocks in N Mexico, from Coahuila to Guanajuato.
Their popularity has also led to many names being published as species which are variants of already described species.
The type species of the genus is Turbinicarpus schmiedickeanus. The genus name comes from Latin turbinatus, top shaped, Greek carpos, fruit or body.
The genus contains mostly dwarf species that flower in abundance late spring and summer and they grow very slowly. Plants are mostly globose, usually solitary, ribs absent or divided into distinct low tubercles. Flowers arising from the stem tips, are white to rose to magenta.
Use very well drained, gritty, alkaline soil-mixture and be very careful for frequency of watering, as these species are usually found on quite steeply sloping situations in the wild, and often just growing in cracks in broken rock.
There are 16 species and 20 subspecies in two subgenus, Turbinicarpus and Rapicactus according to The New Cactus Lexicon, 2006.
I follow the NCL names in the Turbinicarpus section of my collection.
SPECIES LIST
1. T. alonsoi 2.1 T. beguinii ssp.beguinii 2.2 T. beguinii ssp. hintoniorum 2.3 T.beguinii ssp. zaragozae 3 T. gieseldorfianus 4 T. hoferi 5 T. horripilus 6 T. laui 7 T. lophophoroides 8.1 T. mandragora ssp.mandragora 8.2 T. mandragora ssp. pailanus 9.1 T. pseudomacrochele ssp.pseudomacrochele 9.2 T. pseudomacrochele ssp. krainzianus 9.3 T. pseudomacrochele ssp. lausseri 9.4 T. pseudomacrochele ssp. minimus 10 T. pseudopectinatus 11.1 T. saueri ssp.saueri 11.2 T. saueri ssp. knuthianus 11.3 T. saueri ssp.nelissae 12.1 T.schmiedickeanusssp.schmiedickeanus 12.2 T. schmiedickeanus ssp.andersonii12.3 T. schmiedickeanu ssp. bonatzii 12.4 T. schmiedickeanus ssp.dickisoniae 12.5 T. schmiedickeanus ssp. flavifiorus 12.6 T.schmiedickeanus ssp. gracilis 12.7 T.schmiedickeanus ssp.jauernigii 12.8 T. schmiedickeanus ssp. klinkerianus 12.9 T.schmiedickeanus ssp. macrochele 12.10 T.schmiedickeanus ssp. rioverdensis 12.11 T.schmiedickeanus ssp.rubriflorus 12.12 T. schmiedickeanus ssp.schwarzii 13.1 T. subterraneus ssp.subterraneus 13.2 T. subterraneus ssp. booleanus 14 T. swobodae 15 T. valdezianus 16 T. viereckii

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In this album you will see many cactus species seedlings. These photos mostly are from 4-5 years ago. Most of the seedlings have been lost because, at that times, I was inexperienced about growing ...more

cacti from seed. There are flowers or young stems photos of the surviving ones.
I thank very much to my friend Hugo deCock of Flanders, for kindly providing the Mammillaria seeds from his collection.
I'm grateful to Walter Hellinx of Belgium for giving to me the habitat collected seeds by him from Mexico.
I thank very much to Barrie Glover of England for kindly providing to me some of the habitat collected seeds by him from Chile and Argentina.

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